The rising air pollution is taking a toll on people’s health, influencing everything from respiratory function to cardiovascular well-being. In urban areas like Delhi-NCR, where rapid urbanisation and population growth have surged, air pollution has emerged as a crucial public health concern. Following Diwali celebrations, Delhi is facing a significant pollution crisis, with a recent survey indicating that 69% of families in the capital and the National Capital Region (NCR) report health issues stemming from deteriorating air quality. The Air Quality Index (AQI) surged to a staggering 999 on the night of Diwali, marking one of the highest levels recorded in the area.
These conditions are particularly pronounced during winters when a combination of vehicular emissions, construction dust, and seasonal crop stubble burning create a toxic haze that blankets the city. This persistent state of poor air quality poses an urgent challenge, demanding immediate attention to mitigate its far-reaching health implications. A recent survey by LocalCircles highlighted the significant health impact of air pollution on residents in Delhi-NCR. The findings revealed that 31% of families reported members suffering from breathing difficulties or asthma, while another 31% experienced frequent headaches.
Additionally, 23% of respondents noted symptoms of anxiety or difficulty concentrating, and 15% reported trouble sleeping due to poor air quality. On a somewhat optimistic note, 31% of families stated that no one in their household had encountered pollution-related health issues, underscoring the varied effects of air pollution across different households.
Prolonged exposure to poor air quality has far-reaching consequences for public health, affecting multiple body systems and leading to a surge in pollution-related illnesses. One of the most immediate and visible impacts of poor air quality is on respiratory health. Long-term exposure can lead to reduced lung function and increased respiratory infection risk. Pollution caused due to poor air quality also leads to inflammation and oxidative stress, increasing the risk of heart attacks, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases.
Besides, certain groups are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of air pollution. Children, with their developing lungs and immune systems, are at a heightened risk, as prolonged exposure can lead to stunted lung growth and a higher likelihood of respiratory diseases later in life. Older adults also face significant risks, with their age-related susceptibility making them more prone to respiratory and cardiovascular issues. Additionally, individuals with pre-existing asthma and heart diseases experience more severe health impacts, often requiring increased medical attention during high-pollution periods.
The government has also implemented several initiatives to combat poor air quality with a multifaceted approach. One of the initiatives is the imposition of GRAP, which outlines a series of measures to be enacted based on the severity of the air quality index. This plan includes a range of actions, such as controlling construction activities, enforcing vehicle restrictions, and promoting the use of public transport during periods of high pollution.
Therefore, improving air quality requires collective action from both communities and individuals. Community initiatives, such as tree plantation drives, are vital in enhancing air quality. Trees act as natural air filters, absorbing pollutants and releasing oxygen. Engaging in proper waste disposal practices, including segregating waste and avoiding open burning of garbage, helps prevent the release of harmful toxins into the air. Thus, collaboration and commitment across all sectors are vital for achieving lasting improvements in air quality and safeguarding public health.
— The author is the Managing Director of Yashoda Super Speciality Hospitals
