The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) has expressed serious concerns about the status of education in madrassas in India, arguing that their exemption from the Right to Education (RTE) Act is detrimental to children's education.

In its recent report, "Guardians of Faith or Oppressors of Rights?", the NCPCR has flagged issues such as inadequate formal education, lack of basic resources, and said that there was a lack of accountability in many madrassas, where physical safety concerns, such as poor infrastructure and cases of child rights violations, have been reported.

According to the report, the exemption of madrassas from the RTE Act has deprived children attending these institutions of quality education.

While Articles 29 and 30 of the Indian Constitution protect the rights of minorities to preserve their culture and establish educational institutions, NCPCR asserts that these provisions have inadvertently led to discrimination against children in madrassas, who miss out on formal education mandated by the RTE Act.

The report pointed out that while the primary focus of madrassas is religious education, many do not provide the essential components of formal education such as adequate infrastructure, trained teachers, and proper academic curricula.

This leaves students at a disadvantage compared to their peers in mainstream schools.

The report also noted instances where madrassa students have been denied basic entitlements such as textbooks, uniforms, and access to midday meal scheme.

The NCPCR said a significant number of Muslim children-pproximately 1.2 crore-are out of school and not receiving formal education, as per UDISE 2021-22 data.

The childs' rights body has recommended a series of measures, including stopping state funding to madrassas and madrassa boards unless they comply with the RTE Act and removing non-Muslim children from madrassas, as their inclusion violates Article 28 of the Constitution, which prohibits the imposition of religious instruction without parental consent.

The commission's report called for a balanced approach, where both religious and formal education can coexist but not within the same institution.

"Religious education cannot come at the expense of formal education," the report asserted, emphasising that the state must prioritise the fundamental right of every child to free and compulsory education.