Manipur violence has seen a fresh burst of activity. Is the Govt doing enough to assuage feelings there?
Manipur continues to experience violence and instability due to a complex interplay of historical grievances, political factors and ethnic conflicts. Over time, the state of affairs there has deteriorated, resulting in widespread demonstrations and ongoing bloodshed. Several ethnic communities, such as the Meitei, Naga and Kuki populations, each with its own unique identity, culture and territorial claims, inhabit Manipur. These groups have deep-rooted hostility and conflict over resources, land and political representation due to grievances which go back a long way. Historically, the Meiteis, who live in the Imphal valley and are primarily Hindus, have held political power. This has caused the hill tribes, especially the Nagas and Kukis who live in the neighbouring steep terrain and are primarily Christians, to feel marginalised. One of the main causes of conflict has been the hill tribes’ quest for increased autonomy. The demand by Naga groups for the unification of Naga-inhabited areas under a single administrative unit has been a divisive topic that frequently conflicts with Manipur’s concerns about maintaining its territorial integrity. The complexity of the situation is increased by the existence of multiple insurgent organisations. These organisations, representing distinct ethnic populations, frequently resort to violence to make their demands known. Violence has increased as a result of the widespread availability of weapons and these groups' participation in illegal activities like drug trafficking.
The State and Union Governments’ precarious relationship characterises Manipur’s political environment. A major contributing factor to the ongoing unrest is the policies and actions — or the lack thereof — of the Centre. The common belief among Manipur's population is that the Union Government has disregarded the problems facing the State. Inadequate economic development, poor infrastructure and a lack of focus on the region's particular ethnic and cultural sensitivities all contribute to this impression. Dialogue has shown to be an unproductive means of addressing the challenges. The public's disenchantment has been caused by the persistent stalling of peace negotiations with rebel groups. There are drawbacks to the extensive military presence mandated by AFSPA. Although meant to keep the peace, it has given rise to claims of violations of human rights, thus escalating anti-Government feelings. There is a long history of civil society activism in Manipur. Demanding justice, accountability and policy changes, organisations and activists — including women's groups like the Meira Paibis — have been at the vanguard of rallies. A complex strategy involving open communication, inclusive political processes, economic growth and respect for human rights is needed to address these issues. To promote peace, harmony and development in Manipur, the Union and State Governments must cooperate with each other and involve all stakeholders.
