Finding a solution to the ongoing language row requires acknowledging India’s pluralistic identity
The ongoing row over the three-language formula in school education—a policy embedded in the National Education Policy (NEP)—has once again ignited passionate debates. Most recently, Tamil Nadu’s political leadership, led by Chief Minister MK Stalin, has sharply criticised the Centre for what is perceived as an imposition of Hindi on the state. This conflict, however, is not isolated; it resonates across states like Karnataka, Telangana and Punjab, each adding its own chapter to the language war. The current uproar finds its roots in the longstanding historical struggle over language imposition in India. In Tamil Nadu, memories of the anti-Hindi agitations of the past still echo, as the state’s ruling DMK perceives the insistence on the three-language formula as a subtle attempt to undermine its linguistic identity. Critics argue that by prioritising Hindi alongside English and the regional language, the policy inadvertently sidelines local languages—a concern that resonates deeply in southern states with rich linguistic heritage.
While some view Hindi as a unifying force, many see its promotion as a threat to regional cultures and identities. The conflict is emblematic of a broader pattern where states feel compelled to assert their linguistic identity against perceived central overreach. Stalin and other leaders in Tamil Nadu argue that the implementation of the NEP’s language policy is a thinly veiled attempt to erode Tamil’s primacy. Similar sentiments have been echoed elsewhere: The Telangana state government has recently mandated Telugu in all schools to ensure that students learn their mother tongue. In doing so, Telangana is not only preserving its linguistic heritage but also simplifying the curriculum for easier comprehension. Even in the northern state of Punjab, the removal of Punjabi from the regional language curriculum in CBSE schools for the 2025–26 academic session has sparked outrage among Punjabis. Political figures like former deputy chief minister Sukhbir Singh Badal has called it an “attack on our mother tongue.” Prime Minister Narendra Modi has attempted to soothe these tensions by emphasising that the BJP honours every Indian language and that each language reflects the soul of Indian culture. He maintains that it is a collective responsibility of every citizen to enrich and embrace all linguistic traditions. Even so, opinions remain deeply divided. Hindi imposition row is more than a policy dispute—it is a reflection of deep-seated historical, cultural, and political currents in India. MK Stalin’s strong resistance to perceived linguistic hegemony is shared widely in his state. Language is an emotive issue and if not handled properly could snowball into a major crisis. The best solution lies in a balanced, flexible approach that honours India’s linguistic diversity. Only through respectful dialogue, tailored policies, and a celebration of diversity can India navigate this complex linguistic landscape and move toward a truly inclusive nation.
