Unlawful bursting of firecrackers worsens air quality, smog returns to Delhi-NCR after Diwali

Year after year, it is the same old story; perhaps it will be better to rechristen the 'Festival of Lights' as the 'Breathing Challenge'. Though the fervour and enthusiasm for the festival is totally understandable and acceptable, the dark shadow of the 'breath of death' it leaves in its wake is not, especially in the Delhi-NCR and the Hindi heartland. The Capital region is grappling with alarming levels of air pollution because the tradition of bursting firecrackers, deeply ingrained in Diwali celebrations, has contributed significantly to the hazardous air quality. A day after the revelry, Delhi woke up to a thick layer of smog, with the Air Quality Index (AQI) readings in several areas recording shockingly high levels. The city's overall AQI reached a staggering 434 on Monday, making Delhi the most polluted city in the world, as reported by IQAir, a Swiss group that specialises in measuring air quality. The impact of such pollution on public health cannot be overstated, with respiratory issues, allergies and other health complications on the rise. While Diwali is a time to celebrate, it is also high time for a collective realisation of the toll it takes on public health and environment. The storage, sale and use of all types of firecrackers in the NCR were banned by the National Green Tribunal in 2020 but bans seldom work. People need options, therefore green crackers must be promoted as they use less polluting raw materials compared to traditional crackers. They have a reduced amount of particulate matter (PM) emission, and they produce 30 per cent less noise. Green crackers are certified by CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute.

The need for a behavioural shift in Diwali celebrations is evident, and perhaps an example can be drawn from Maharashtra or West Bengal where serious efforts are being made to perform mega festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi or Durga Puja in an environment-friendly way. They have started using organic colours and mud, besides specially created ponds to immerse idols so that the environment is not polluted. Interestingly, a Ganesha statue with seeds has been developed which can be put in a planter and Lord Ganesha transforms into a plant in no time. Delhi too needs to think about such innovations. As we reflect on the recent degradation of Delhi's air quality, it becomes imperative to reconsider our approach to celebrations. Sustainable and eco-friendly ways of observing festivals can be adopted without sacrificing the essence of our traditions. From light displays to cultural events, there are myriad ways to celebrate Diwali that do not involve harmful practices. The ban on firecrackers should not be seen as an attack on religious freedom. Thankfully, there are means to celebrate differently; all one needs to do is adopt newer ways.