Hamilton celebrated his record-equaling 68th pole position with victory at the Belgian Grand Prix on Sunday, trimming championship leader Sebastian Vettel's lead to seven points.
Hamilton clinched his fifth win of the season and 58th overall, having equaled Michael Schumacher's pole record.
Vettel finished second, about 2 seconds behind Hamilton.
Hamilton was in good form all weekend, topping every part of qualifying.
Although it was a comfortable win for the British driver, it got a bit tense toward the end.
"I was waiting for lewis to make a mistake and he didn't," Vettel said.
With about 10 laps left, Vettel almost overtook his challenger as they emerged from behind the safety car.
Vettel got his Ferrari alongside Hamilton on a long straight, but Hamilton edged his Mercedes into the corner just in time.
"I'm not entirely happy," said Vettel, adding that he got his approach slightly wrong.
Red Bull's Daniel Ricciardo was third - for his sixth podium of the season - finishing ahead of Ferrari's Kimi Raikkonen, with Hamilton's teammate Valtteri Bottas fifth.
Ricciardo showed great race intelligence and opportunism to pass Bottas after the safety car incident.
After 12 races, four-time F1 champion Vettel has 220 points to three-time champion Hamilton's 213 heading into next weekend's Italian GP in Monza.
"The positive thing is that we had really good race pace," Vettel said. "I'm looking forward to next week."
It stayed dry, but there was one heated clash between Force India drivers Sergio Perez and Esteban Ocon, prompting the safety car to come out after they made contact with each other on lap 30, sending debris onto the track.
Their tense relationship is degrading fast.
Earlier, they touched wheels as Ocon moved on the outside, with Perez responding by squeezing the Frenchman against the barrier.
Hamilton made a good start to the race on the long climb up to Eau Rouge, with Vettel on his tail.
But Max Verstappen's hopes of a first win this season ended on lap 8 when his Red Bull lost power.
The 19-year-old Verstappen secured a podium with third place in China but has been hit with reliability issues since.