Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with millions of new cases reported each year. In 2022 alone, approximately 20 million new cancer cases were diagnosed globally, and 9.7 million lives were lost to the disease. In India, the numbers are equally alarming, with around 100 out of every one lakh people diagnosed with cancer. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), more than 14 lakh cancer cases were estimated in 2023.
Despite advancements in early detection and treatment, many myths surrounding cancer testing prevent people from undergoing timely screening. These misconceptions can delay diagnosis, leading to more complicated treatment procedures and poorer outcomes.
Common myths about cancer testing
A. Cancer screening is necessary only if there are symptoms present: Most people believe they should be tested for cancer only if they have some symptoms. Many cancers, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer, go undetected in very early stages. Regular screenings, such as mammograms, pap smears, and colonoscopies, usually identify problems before the cancer becomes major, thus greatly increasing survival chances.
B. A biopsy can cause the spread of cancer: One of the longest-living myths states that biopsies can cause the spread of cancer. This myth keeps patients away from opting for critical diagnostic treatment. Doctors follow strict guidelines to ensure that the biopsy is done in such a way that the spread of any cancer cells is avoided. Scientifically, it has been acknowledged that biopsy procedures are safe and integral to establishing a correct diagnosis.
C. Cancer tests are inaccurate and yield false positives: specific tests may not be considered accurate, but contemporary cancer screenings are reliable enough to be considered correct. Rule-out tests often deal with false-positive results to confirm the diagnosis. These tests have their maximum chance of success when done at early detection, which outweighs their minimum chances of being wrong.
D. If no one in my family has cancer, I don’t need screening: Family history can elevate the risk for some cancers, but most cancers occur in people without genetic predisposition. Cigarette smoking, poor dietary habits, and lack of exercise strongly influence the development of most cancers. In other words, everybody should be screened.
Diagnosis and treatment
Advancements in medical science have made early cancer detection more accurate and treatment more effective. Screening very early lets doctors recommend less invasive procedures and better survival rates. Treatment options depend on the type of cancer and the stage at which it is diagnosed. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy are widely used treatments available.
Timely diagnosis can change treatment outcomes from positive to negative. Currently, cancer care is personalised. The treatment plan is derived from a combination of genetic markers, tumour types, and individual patient needs. The right medical interventions can control many cancers, providing better quality of life and survival rates. Moreover, exposing myths surrounding cancer tests goes a long way to boosting early detection. Awareness, education, health screenings, and medical intervention empower people to take charge of the health course.
Raising awareness about cancer screening and dispelling myths is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. Many cancers can be managed successfully if diagnosed in time, significantly improving survival rates. Regular screenings, informed medical decisions, and lifestyle modifications play a key role in cancer prevention and management. By prioritising education and proactive health measures, individuals can take control of their well — being. Early diagnosis saves lives, making it imperative to spread accurate information and encourage timely screenings.
(The writer is senior consultant and HOD, Histopathology — Oncquest Laboratories. Views expressed are personal)
