The State Government’s decision to start day cruise services at five selected water bodies of Chilika Lake, Mahanadi, Bhitarkanika, Satkosia Gorge and Hirakud reservoir has raised the hackles of green activists. To be operated in the PPT mode, the Tourism Department has invited proposals from prospective applicants within a deadline on one month.
The revised Odisha Tourism Policy 2016 offers many fiscal incentives to projects like water sports, adventure sports, house boats, cruise tourism and aqua-parks by way of investment and interest subsidy. Earlier too, the centre had envisaged setting up seaplane services in Chilika which had to be scraped due to environmental factors.
While a day cruise on a big vessel sounds fun and relaxing, one should consider its impact on the ecosystem of the water bodies. Chilika, Satkosia and Bhitarkanika are fragile and protected sites which are already facing several unexpected hazards. The impact on such river tourism has to be studied in detail before venturing on any foolhardy projects. These three are notified and protected areas with vulnerable flora and fauna. While Chilika has a dwindling dolphin population, Bhitarkanika has saltwater crocodiles and delicate mangroves. Satkosia Gorge comes within the Project Tiger area and the crocodiles and gharials are on a diminishing count.
The many hazards of starting mechanised boats include air, water, oil, chemical and noise pollution. Cruise vessels use a huge amount of ballast water for stability; the water is often filled from shore and discharged midstream. Since the ballast water contains microbes and microorganisms in addition to vegetation and other sea-fauna, pollution aspect is mainly caused to the local species and marine life. Grey water that comes from regular activity onboard, like sinks, toilets and galleys contains nitrogen and phosphorus which lead to eutrophication and stimulates the dense growth of plants and the death of marine creatures because of lack of oxygen.
The marine diesel engines will emit various greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. Even, the noise produced by the cruise boats will disturb the marine ecosystem. In addition to the noise pollutions from the vessels machinery, a lot more noise is made due to the entertainment activities on board. These noises disturb the marine animals and mammals, including the dolphins, whose sensitive hearing gets harmed and debilitated, often leading to their unwanted death and an overall loss to the ecosystem.
Cruise boats are large, intrusive and dangerous vessels which have negative impacts on marine wildlife. Dolphins, turtles, otters and other big fish cannot avoid speedy water-crafts; and collisions with hulls or scrapes by propellers often do fatal harm. Many dolphins in Satapada have been killed by boat propellers.
Such activity was stopped in Bhopal’s Upper Lake when the Madhya Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation planned cruise boat trips. The Bhopal Municipal Corporation had accused the tourism corporation of polluting the lake. Let them have cruises in the Hirakud reservoir and the Mahanadi, but not at the three protected sites.
According to Dr Biswajit Mohanty, noted environmentalist and Chairman of Greenpeace India, "The Tourism Department’s plans to run river/lake cruises in Odisha need to be thoroughly reviewed since the plans are for highly bio-diverse and rich wildlife areas. The 22-km-long Satkosia Gorge is the core area of a Tiger Reserve. Tourism is banned in core areas of Tiger Reserves as per the SC orders. Secondly, Chilika is also an important birding and dolphin area. Motorised boat cruises should never be permitted there. Four existing catamarans bought at a cost of Rs 3 crore by the Forest Department are lying idle since the last five years for want of tourists who can afford them.”
“If they are planning to do the Mahanadi cruise, I wonder on which stretch, since most parts of the river are not navigable in winter having a draft of less than 3 to 4 feet. A small stretch upstream of Mundali can be feasible, but that too is a prime birding area of migratory water fowls and has nesting populations of Indian Skimmers on the islands which will be affected,” Mohanty says.
Panchami Manoo Ukil, noted ornithologist and writer, is of the opinion that ecotourism by its very nature must address the delicate inter-connectedness in the natural ecosystems. Any attempt to disrupt these habitats by encouraging intrusions through man or machine would lead to complete destruction of these vulnerable zones and threaten the existence of species that are dependent on the ecosystem. Odisha best kept secrets need to be zealously guarded by our administrators and policymakers instead of exposing them to threats in the name of ecotourism.
A stiff opposition will be put up against such stupid and destructive schemes. If need be, the matter will be taken to the Green Tribunal. The Tourism Department operated highly disturbing ecotourism ventures next to Balukhand WLS on the sea turtle nesting beach with high-mast lighting that disturbs local wildlife at night. Similarly, they organised a stupid Bhitarkanika Festival inside the WLS and right next to the National Park which was basically a song and dance Mela for locals promoted by some ruling party politicians.
(The writer is Project Coordinator of INTACH, Odisha)
