The decorative candles Yaroslav Vedmid bought more than a year ago were never meant to be lit, but the dried wax that now clings to them attests to how they've been used almost nightly — a consequence of power cuts across Ukraine.
Seated at the dinner table with his wife in a village on the outskirts of the capital, Kyiv, the two can't count the number of times they've eaten in the dark since Russian attacks triggered the blackouts beginning in early October.
Moscow has openly declared its intention to target the country's energy infrastructure and drive the nation into the cold.
“When you're relying on electricity, the worst thing is that you can't plan … Psychologically it's very uncomfortable,” said Vedmid, a 44-year-old business owner in Bilohorodka. The cuts are getting longer — nearly 12 hours of outages a day, he said.
So far, Russia has destroyed about 40 per cent of Ukraine's energy infrastructure, affecting 16 regions, according to the Ukrainian government.
The latest assault came on Monday, when a massive barrage of Russian cruise missile and drone strikes hit Kyiv, Kharkiv and other cities, knocking out water and power supplies in apparent retaliation for what Moscow alleged was a Ukrainian attack on its Black Sea fleet.
The unpredictable rolling blackouts are increasing as the government scrambles to stabilise the energy grid and repair the system ahead of winter. The cuts add another layer of angst and uncertainty to a population already struggling with the stress of nearly nine months of war.
To try to ease people's burdens, energy companies are publishing daily schedules of when neighbourhoods won't have power. But it's not consistent, especially as strikes intensify.
Last week a power station in the central region was damaged, causing an emergency shutdown and prompting the government to warn citizens of tougher and longer outages.
“Unfortunately, the destruction and damage are serious,” Kyiv region Gov. Oleksiy Kuleba said in a Telegram post. “It is necessary to prepare for emergency power outages for an indefinite period,” he said.