Ravichandran Ashwin and Ravindra Jadeja made it a rare instance of two India bowlers topping the ICC Test rankings after the left-arm spinner's maiden 10-wicket match haul against England in the Chennai Test propelled him to the second position.
Jadeja's performance has earned him 66 points and brought him within eight points of star off-spinner Ashwin, who has already been occupying the number one position.
This is just the second time the top two spots in the bowlers chart is occupied by India players, with the pair emulating left-arm spinner Bishan Singh Bedi and leg-spinner Bhagwath Chandrasekhar, who were ranked one and two in 1974.
Jadeja, who leapfrogged Josh Hazlewood, James Anderson, Dale Steyn and Rangana Herath, has also gained a place to reach his career-best third rank in the list of all-rounders, which is also headed by Ashwin.
Meanwhile, India pace bowler Ishant Sharma has moved up two places to 23rd position.