According to the World Stroke Organisation, one in every four person suffers a stroke attack in their lifetime. Dr Vipul Gupta tells you how by making simple changes in the daily routine, one can eliminate the risk
Since the COVID pandemic has shaken the world, the number of daily cases reported is on the rise. Along with this the addiction to screen has picked up pace giving rise to a new pandemic — a pandemic of addiction to screen.
According to the World Stroke Organisation (WSO), one in four person will suffer from a stroke attack in their lifetime. But a pertinent question that has transposed the notion of stroke risk is that instead of the geriatric population being highly vulnerable, the younger population is now equally seen susceptible to a stroke attack.
Earlier, stroke was considered to be a disease of the elderly (people in the age bracket of 60 years and above) but in recent years more stroke attacks are seen in the younger population. A current study elaborated that even though the overall incidence of stroke saw a downward trend in the recent years, there was a striking rise in the incidence of stroke among the younger aged 25 to 45 years. In comparison to the US, and other developed countries, India has a much higher prevalence of stroke cases among the younger group, which are almost double.
Stroke has been considered to be one of the most common and leading causes of morbidity and disability. It is estimated that, in every 40 seconds someone suffers from stroke and a person dies of stroke in every four minutes globally. While increased screen time is known to result in adverse health outcomes, stroke is one such complication that has recently been linked to it.
More screen time — higher the stroke risk
According to a recent US based study, the digital screen time has been found to be inversely proportional with the life expectancy. As per the study, for every hour of digital screen time, the life expectancy reduces by upto 22 minutes. The amount of screen time also had adverse outcomes including heart attacks, stroke, and cancer.
A large scale study from the United Kingdom with over 40,000 participants concluded that the stroke risk was significantly higher when screen time was more than two hours a day. Higher physical activity (1 hour walk a day for seven days a week) offered some protection against the adverse effects of prolonged screen time. In fact the cancer risk also increased with an increase in screen time.
One develops an addiction to the screen over a period of time and can be looked upon similar to addiction to recreational substances. There is a constant balance in the brain between the center for rationalisation (decision making) and the centers for motivation and rewards. Over time, the center for motivation and reward has an upper hand over the center for rationalisation at which point addiction behavior develops.
A certain chemical substance called dopamine increases in the brain when an activity results in a pleasurable experience. With time a person addicted to screen would no longer perceive his/her favorite food, family and vacation time as a pleasurable experience anymore. This is because the threshold for dopamine levels that results in a rewarding experience increases.
Beyond two hours, every hour spent in front of the digital screen raises the risk of stroke by 20 per cent, a major contributing factor for stroke risk among the younger population.
Researchers have found that if one resorts to two to five minutes of physical activity for every 20 minutes spent on the screen, it significantly reduces the chance of developing diabetes and obesity.
Avoid blue light emitting devices when you go to bed. This reduces the amount of melatonin, a chemical substance that switched your brain from the wake to the sleep state. Using a device at night will prevent you from sleeping and in turn predispose you to a higher risk of stroke.
With recommendations and conclusions from the study explained that toddlers within two years of age should strictly refrain from digital screens, and an adult aged 16+ should maximum expose only two hours a day to cut down on the long-term risk of stroke.
Risk of stroke in younger population
Apart from other major factors contributing for stroke, regular physical inactivity also accounts for the onset of stroke at an early age. Regular exercise not only helps in maintaining the overall health but also keeps at bay a list full of diseases. Other major ailments that are related to raising the risk of stroke include hypertension, Diabetes and high cholesterol levels.
Hypertension is one of the biggest risk factors for stroke, attributing to over 50 per cent of ischemic strokes (due to blockage) and increasing the chances of hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding in the brain). Thus regular exercise helps in maintaining the blood pressure levels, thereby reducing the risk for brain stroke by upto 80 per cent.
As it is a well known fact that Diabetics have a twice likely chance to suffer from stroke, as the increased blood sugar levels damages all the major blood vessels providing a gateway for onset of ischemic stroke. Regular exercising not only helps in controlling the blood glucose levels but also curbs down the chances of developing a stroke attack in diabetics.
A high cholesterol level in the body is another attributing factor for stroke. With increased levels of LDL(bad cholesterol) the risk for plaque build up also increases causing atherosclerosis. This makes them prone to losing the integrity of their lining leading to formation of clots, which in turn can prevent blood flow and lead to a stroke. Lack of physical exercise leads to major complications and can have devastating effects on the vascular system of the brain as well.
Stroke is a reversible disease provided one comes to the hospital on time and the appropriate treatment is provided. In almost 70 per cent of the cases, all the symptoms can be reduced/ reversed.
Delay of every minute in seeking the right treatment leads to loss of about 20 lakh brain cells and hence it becomes a time dependent therapy. The golden window period to arrive at a stroke unit should be within six hours of stroke attack, delaying which would lead to irreversible damage causing permanent disability in around 80 per cent of the cases. Now with recent advances, and imaging techniques, first 24 hours of stroke are very important for reversal of the condition.
The writer is Director, Neurointervention, Agrim institute of neuroscience, Artemis Hospital Gurgaon