With the imposition of an Air Defence Identification Zone, Beijing has sought to escalate an ongoing dispute, hoping that its rivals will back down
Since China declared an Air Defence Identification Zone late last month that covers the disputed islands called Senkaku in Japanese and Diaoyu in Chinese, the media has been full of predictions of confrontation and crisis. On that day itself, Japan scrambled two F-15 fighters to intercept two Chinese aircraft that approached the islands.
“This announcement by the People's Republic of China will not in any way change how the United States conducts military operations in the region”, said US Defence Secretary Chuck Hagel. last Tuesday, the US Air Force flew two B-52 bombers from Guam into the ADIZ. A Pentagon spokesman said Washington, DC, “continued to follow our normal procedures, which include not filing flight plans, not radioing ahead and not registering our frequencies.”
But forcing incoming aircraft to do just that is the whole point of creating an ADIZ. Any aircraft entering the zone must provide a flight plan, maintain two-way radio communications and clearly identify their nationality, said the Chinese Defence Ministry, and any aircraft that ignore the rules would be subject to “defensive emergency measures”.
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told his Parliament that the zone “can invite an unexpected occurrence and it is a very dangerous thing as well” — last Tuesday, Tokyo also instructed Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airlines to simply ignore the zone when flying through it. It is turning into a game of chicken, and the East China Sea is just about the worst place in the world for that kind of foolishness.
China and Japan have been pursuing an increasingly angry dispute over the ownership of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, which are under Japanese administration. They also have a long history of conflict (in which China was generally the victim), and they both have strongly nationalist leaders. Beijing is looking for a diplomatic victory here, not a war, but it is taking a big gamble.
Just how does China intend to enforce its new ADIZIJ By shooting down a Japan Airlines 787 and a US Air Force B-52IJ If not that, then howIJ National pride and the personal reputation of new President Xi Jinping are both at stake in this game, and if the foreigners ignore the zone, China cannot just shrug its shoulders and forget about it.
This brings us to the key question: Did Beijing really game out this move before it decided to set up the zoneIJ Did it set up teams to play the Japanese and the Americans realistically, look at what they might do to challenge the zone, and consider its own counter-movesIJ That's what most great powers would do before launching a challenge like this, and maybe China did that too. But maybe it didn't.
When you put yourself in the shoes of a Chinese Navy or Air Force Commander trying to enforce the new ADIZ, you can't help feeling sorry for him. He can shoot something down, of course, but even his own Government would quail at the possible consequences of that. On the other hand, if he doesn't compel aircraft transiting the zone to accept China's new rules, both he and his political superiors will be open to the charge of failing to defend national sovereignty.
The Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands are not worth a war, or even a single ship or aircraft. They are uninhabited, and their alleged connection with the seabed rights to a natural gas field around 300 km (200 miles away) is tenuous. This move is a deliberate escalation of an existing dispute, made with the intention of forcing the other side to back down and lose face.