In 1861, the States of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, louisiana and Texas that had broken away from the US. These States were bastions of Black slavery; and seceded in defiance of Abraham lincoln’s intention to abolish that evil. The secession proved transitory, as the Confederates were worsted by the Unionists in a four-year long bitter war. But the defeat of the Confederates in 1865 did not imply cessation of racism in the southern States.