Symptoms for early Covid-19 infection differ among age groups and between men and women, a new research has found. For instance, men were more likely to report shortness of breath, fatigue, chills and shivers, whereas women were more likely to report loss of smell, chest pain and a persistent cough, said the paper, published in The Lancet Digital.
These differences are most notable between younger age groups (16 to 59 years) compared to older age groups (60 to 80 years and over), and men have different symptoms compared to women in the early stages of Covid-19 infection, said researchers from King’s College London after analyzing data from the ZOE COVID Symptom Study app between April 20th to 15th October 2020.
At least 18 symptoms were examined, which had different relevance for early detection in different groups. The most important symptoms for earliest detection of Covid-19 overall included loss of smell, chest pain, persistent cough, abdominal pain, blisters on the feet, eye soreness and unusual muscle pain.
However, loss of smell lost significance in people over 60 years of age and was not relevant for subjects over 80. Other early symptoms such as diarrhoea were key in older age groups (60-79 and >80). Fever, while a known symptom of disease, was not an early feature of the disease in any age group, said the study.
While these models were generated in the Covid Symptom study app, models were replicated across time suggesting they would also apply to non-app contributors. Although the models were used on the first strain of the virus and Alpha variants, the key findings suggest the symptoms of the Delta variant and subsequent variants will also differ across population groups.
Lead author, Claire Steves, Reader at King’s College London said: “Its important people know the earliest symptoms are wide-ranging and may look different for each member of a family or household. Testing guidance could be updated to enable cases to be picked up earlier, especially in the face of new variants which are highly transmissible. This could include using widely available lateral flow tests for people with any of these non-core symptoms.”
Dr Liane dos Santos Canas, first author from King’s College London, said: “Currently, in the UK, only a few symptoms are used to recommend self-isolation and further testing. Using a larger number of symptoms and only after a few days of being unwell, using AI, we can better detect Covid-19 positive cases. We hope such a method is used to encourage more people to get tested as early as possible to minimise the risk of spread.”k