The story of women in mining is one of determination, transformation and triumph. From fighting legal battles to working deep underground, from leading corporate teams to redefining industry norms, they are proving that no profession is beyond their reach
Mining has long been regarded as one of the most gruelling and physically demanding industries, a domain in which women were historically deemed unfit to participate. The underground mines, characterised by darkness, dirt, and danger, were legally off-limits to women for decades. However, times have changed. Today, women are not only entering the mining sector but excelling in roles that were once considered the exclusive territory of men. Their journey from exclusion to inclusion is a story of resilience, courage, and determination.
For years, the legal framework itself reinforced gender-based exclusion. The British government imposed a ban on women working in underground mines in 1937, citing the hazardous and oppressive nature of the work. A brief lift of the restriction in 1943 was followed by its reinstatement in 1946, cementing the notion that mining was unsuitable for women. This exclusion persisted for over seventy years until a group of seven young mining engineering students in India decided to challenge the status quo.
In 2017, these women, led by Neredukomma Hiranmayee, noticed that job advertisements in the sector clearly stated “Men Only.” Determined to fight for their right to work in the field they had trained for, they took their petition to the Narendra Modi-led Central Government. Their persistence paid off when the Mines Act of 1952 was amended in 2019, allowing women to work in underground mines with certain conditions. They were permitted to work between 7 AM and 6 PM but had to provide written consent, and were required to work in groups for safety. While these conditions still imposed limitations, the amendment marked a historic turning point for gender inclusion in mining.
Since this breakthrough, several women have entered the mining workforce, proving their capabilities and resilience. In the Singareni Collieries of Telangana, one of India’s oldest coal mining PSUs, women miners are now working underground alongside men. Their presence is reshaping the industry and breaking long-held stereotypes. Swathi Penugonada, whose family had a legacy in coal mining, left her job in aerospace engineering to become a miner when the opportunity finally opened up. For her, mining was not just a profession but a tribute to her grandparents who had worked in Singareni mines before her. Another trailblazer, Allam Navyashree, started as a section supervisor in an underground mine, facing scepticism from male colleagues who doubted her abilities. Over time, she earned their respect, eventually supervising some of the very men who once questioned her competence.
For Chunchu Sandhya Rani, mining was an unexpected career path. Married while still in college, she assumed her professional aspirations would be set aside. However, with the support of her husband and in-laws, she pursued her mining engineering degree and secured a job at Singareni. Today, while she works underground, her parents take care of her two children, proving that with family support, women can balance both career and motherhood in even the most challenging professions.
These stories of perseverance are not limited to fieldwork alone. Women are also taking on leadership roles within the mining sector, ensuring that gender equality is not just about numbers but about real empowerment. Singareni Collieries, recognising the need for inclusive leadership, has placed women in key decision-making positions. Kavitha Naidu has become the first woman General Manager to handle Personnel & Industrial Relations, a role that involves managing labour disputes, transfers, and negotiations for thousands of workers. Dr Sujatha, as the Chief Medical Officer, oversees the company’s extensive healthcare network, while Sunitha Devi has broken new ground as Singareni’s first woman Company Secretary, managing board meetings and corporate governance. These women are not just participating in the industry but they are shaping its future.
The inclusion of women in mining is not just about gender equality; it also brings tangible benefits to the sector. Studies worldwide have shown that diverse workplaces lead to better decision-making, improved efficiency, and stronger financial performance. Women bring unique perspectives and problem-solving approaches, making workplaces more innovative and dynamic. In mining, where safety and operational efficiency are paramount, their contributions are proving invaluable.
Recognising these advantages, mining companies are actively working to create an inclusive and safe work environment for women. Singareni Collieries has implemented several initiatives, including dedicated transport facilities, separate first aid rooms with female medical staff, proper washrooms and hygiene facilities in underground sites, and childcare support for working mothers. Additionally, gender sensitivity training has been introduced to ensure a workplace culture that is welcoming and respectful.
Despite these advancements, challenges remain. The nature of mining still presents physical and logistical difficulties, and societal perceptions about women in demanding professions are slow to change. However, the growing presence of women in mining is sending a strong message that they are not only capable of handling the work but excelling in it. The number of women in the industry is rising and with upcoming recruitment drives, their representation is set to increase significantly in the coming years.
The Ministry of Coal and the Ministry of Mines have taken significant steps to encourage and support women’s participation in the sector. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a strong emphasis has been placed on empowering women in traditionally male-dominated industries. The amendments in mining laws to allow women in underground mines were just the beginning. Today, multiple government policies are actively fostering gender inclusion.
Several Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) under the Coal and Mines Ministries, such as Coal India Limited (CIL) and Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL), have introduced recruitment policies aimed at increasing women’s representation. The Commercial Coal Mine Auctions, launched by the Ministry, have also opened new opportunities for women entrepreneurs and professionals in mining and allied sectors. As the industry expands, the vision is to ensure that women are a key part of this growth.
To further encourage women in mining, the government has launched skill development programs and scholarships for female mining engineering students. Mission Karmayogi, an initiative reviewed for the Ministry of Coal and Mines, focuses on creating a skilled and future-ready workforce, ensuring that women receive equal access to training and leadership programs. The government’s ‘Nari Shakti’ initiative is also playing a crucial role in promoting women’s participation in sectors like mining, ensuring safe working conditions and career growth opportunities.
The Ministry of Mines is also actively working on integrating women into the future of critical minerals exploration. As India moves towards sustainable mining and the development of lithium, cobalt, and other rare minerals essential for electric vehicles and renewable energy, women professionals are being encouraged to take up leadership roles in these futuristic industries.
The women in mining are not just breaking barriers; they are shaping the future of the industry with resilience and determination. Their courage to step into the depths of the earth, to lead, innovate, and inspire, is a testament to their unwavering spirit. From underground miners to corporate leaders, they are redefining possibilities and proving that strength knows no gender. As India’s mining sector evolves, their contributions will be the bedrock of progress. We salute these trailblazers who work tirelessly, often in unseen and challenging conditions, to power our nation. Their journey is not just inspiring but also it is a beacon of empowerment, resilience, and hope for generations to come.
The future of women in mining is not confined to coal alone. As India expands its focus on renewable energy and sustainable resource management, new opportunities are emerging in sectors such as solar energy, thermal projects, and mineral exploration. Women are increasingly stepping into these roles, contributing to technological advancements and strategic decision-making. As we celebrate International Women’s Day, it is essential to recognise the pioneering women who have shattered barriers in mining and those who continue to push the boundaries. Their achievements are not just personal victories but milestones in India’s journey toward gender-inclusive economic growth. The once male-dominated world of mining is evolving into a field where merit, not gender, determines success.
The story of women in mining is one of determination, transformation, and triumph. From fighting legal battles to working deep underground, from leading corporate teams to redefining industry norms, they are proving that no profession is beyond their reach. Their strength, resilience, and ambition are not only shaping the mines of today but also paving the way for the miners of tomorrow.
(The writer is Union Minister of state for Coal and Mines, Government of India; views are personal)