On World Rhino Day on Sunday, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged citizens to visit Assam’s Kaziranga National Park, home to one-horned rhinos, a government report has flagged climate change threats, including prolong monsoons that flood critical grasslands and the spread of invasive plant species eating away the native flora essential for rhinos’ survival.
The report ‘Assam’s Role in Protecting the Greater One-Horned Rhino’ indicated that while the increase in rhino numbers is encouraging, it necessitates the urgent expansion of habitats to ensure their long-term survival and prevent overcrowding.
“With over 70% of its population residing in Assam’s Kaziranga, this species stands as a testament to India’s commitment to wildlife preservation,” it said while enlisting several measures taken to protect this iconic species whose number stood at 3,262 at the end of 2021. The majestic animal remains classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN.
Yet, the greater one-horned rhino in India has made a remarkable comeback, thanks to India’s proactive conservation policies and the dedicated efforts of Assam’s authorities.
The report prepared by the research unit of the PIB said that besides climate change threats exacerbating flooding in the region and the proliferation of invasive species, human-wildlife conflict is a pressing concern, especially as rhino habitats are increasingly adjacent to densely populated agricultural areas.
As rhinos venture into these regions seeking food or territory, they can damage crops and create risks for local communities. Effective management strategies that incorporate community engagement and education are essential to mitigate these conflicts and foster coexistence. According to the report, the conservation efforts must prioritize habitat restoration, the creation of wildlife corridors, and the involvement of local communities in protection initiatives.
“Combining traditional knowledge with modern conservation techniques will be crucial for ensuring that both rhinos and humans can thrive together,” it said about the conservation measures for these animals that usually weigh around 2,800 kg and live for 45-50 years.
The Prime Minister posted on X: “Today, on World Rhino Day, let us reiterate our commitment to protect one of our planet’s most iconic species—rhinos. Compliments to all those involved in rhino conservation efforts over the last many years.
“It is a matter of immense pride that India is home to a large number of one horned rhinos. I also fondly recall my visit to Kaziranga in Assam and urge you all to visit there as well.”
The Indian rhino is the largest of the three Asian species and shares its single horn characteristic with the Javan rhino. The Sumatran rhino, in contrast, has two horns, a trait linking Asian and African rhinos.
Rhinos play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystems.
As mega-herbivores, they shape grasslands by grazing, creating open spaces that benefit other wildlife. Their wallowing behavior also creates waterholes, supporting various species.
