Omicron has about 30 mutations and is many times more transmissible than the Delta variant

The human body can ward off many infections on its own with its innate immunity. Besides, it develops immunity against contagions after exposure to them. Some pathogens have the potential to cause severe disease, disability, and even or death. Vaccines help the body develop robust immunity against such contagions. During the last two years, SARS-Cov-2 has claimed millions of lives. India too suffered a devastating second wave that affected millions of people across the country. Post this wave, India now has a huge proportion of the population that has developed what we call ‘hybrid immunity’, a combination of immunity developed after exposure to the viral infection and vaccination. Studies show this form of immunity can provide greater protection against COVID-19. In fact, it has also been observed that people who were exposed to the infection and then took one dose of the vaccine also have developed a fairly good level of immunity against the virus. Recent national serosurvey shows that more than 80 per cent population of the country, including children, have antibodies against COVID-19. The vaccination statistics show that more than 85 per cent of adults have received the first dose of vaccine and more than half the country’s adult population is now fully vaccinated. This hybrid immunity in the population can protect it against severe disease caused by the virus, including new mutants such as Omicron. The Omicron variant, which was first reported in South Africa, is now present in more than 40 countries.

The variant has about 30 mutations and is said to be many times more transmissible than the Delta variant, which caused the severe second wave in India and other countries. The Omicron variant has become a cause of great concern across the world, with many countries imposing restrictions and taking severe measures to contain its spread. India too needs to be cautious. The initial evidence suggests though the virus is highly transmissible, it is not causing severe disease or death. It is so far causing a milder form of the disease with symptoms such as cold, cough, and mild fever. But we cannot let our guard down. Countries have been finding innovative ways to protect themselves. For example, in Germany, one cannot enter a restaurant until fully vaccinated. People across the world have also realized the importance of following personal protective measures such as wearing masks, maintaining a safe distance, avoiding overcrowded locations, and sanitising their hands regularly. If the past viral outbreaks are anything to go by, we find that a virus dies its natural death provided we keep ourselves safe and be patient till it does. I strongly feel that we can win this battle against this deadly virus if we fight it collectively. So, while the government is doing its job by providing vaccines free of cost to the population, preparing the healthcare infrastructure to deal with a sudden surge in the number of patients, and screening those who can be possibly infected, it is the duty of people to take both the doses of vaccine and follow COVID-appropriate behaviour to avoid rapid spread of the disease.

(The writer is a doctor and Director, AIIMS, Bibinagar. The views expressed are personal.)